Authorship assigns responsibility and gives credit for intellectual work. Who should be listed as an author? http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html
The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors recommends that authorship is based on the following 4 criteria:
- Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND
- Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
- Final approval of the version to be published; AND
- Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved
It's suggested for residents and fellows to discuss with faculty who contributed to the work the order of authorship together. It's recommended for faculty members to be listed last.